improved crop varieties

Farmers will need a genetically diverse portfolio of improved crop varieties, suited to a range of agro-ecosystems and farming practices, and resilient to climate change. The ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) in association with the State Agriculture Department, is popularising climate-resilient, improved varieties of tuber crops developed by it . However, Of these, 7 are crop varieties from cereals, 9 crop varieties from pulses and Oil crops and 5 are crop varieties from seed spices. PDF Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties ... State-bred rice varieties helped achieve national food production goals during the Green Revolution of the 1970s, but these varieties were highly unpopular and were abandoned soon, as the government stopped promoting them. OSU groundbreaking heralds continued 'guarantee' of ... Drought-tolerant crops: IAEA and FAO help Zambia improve ... Improved crop varieties & quality seed boost yields ... Schulte-Geldermann points to a few: Banana hybrids that are genetically close to dessert bananas and exhibit resistance to black sigatoka and fusarium Maize 4 3. Chapter 16 (Page no: 314) Impacts of improved bean varieties on poverty and food security in Uganda and Rwanda. Using data from a random sample of 140 farmers, a multivariate probit was used to identify variety-specific drivers of adoption. The plant genomics market has high potential in emerging markets, such as Asia Pacific, due to the . Developing improved crop varieties through plant breeding is one way to address this issue." The two cowpea varieties, Lunkhwakwa and Lukusuzi, developed using irradiation, which speeds up the natural process of producing genetic variation in plants, are being multiplied and the seeds will be distributed to 800 farmers in November of this . This study assessed the complimentary impact of improved maize varieties (IMVs) and crop diversification (CD) on rural maize farmers' welfare (measured by productivity and net farm income) in Ogun State, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique to obtain cross sectional data from 200 respondents. ICARDA and its partners have developed improved varieties of a range of crops - wheat, barley, lentil, faba bean, chickpea, grasspea, field pea and forage crops. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture are developing research-based technologies to help farmers increase productivity and production efficiency while practicing sustainable agriculture. Mustard 5 7. In most crop breeding programs, the rate of yield increment is insufficient to cope with the increased food demand caused by a rapidly expanding global population. The National Development Plan III Objective Two targets sustainable industrialisation for inclusive growth. Thus farmers must be empowered with skills in modern crop husbandry and be availed improved crop varieties to advance productivity to enable them sustain supply of quality raw materials for the agro-processing industries. Crop Variety Improvement. The number of pods per plant in cases of Kudrat 3, Chamatkar and Karishma are 500-1000, 400-600 and 450-650 respectively while the . Early sowing Seeds: - These types of seeds are suitable for utilizing the moisture left in the soil after harvesting maize. Thanks to the adoption of mechanization, agrochemicals, and high-yielding crops during the . These varieties include one each of black gram, pigeon pea, soybean, mustard, baby corn, ragi, two of brinjal and three of linseed. A recent study on the impact of improved groundnut varieties in rural Uganda found that adoption can significantly increase crop income and reduce poverty (Kassie et al., 2011). Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Hidden hunger: addressing micronutrient deficiencies using improved crop varieties Chem Biol. Better quality: There are different reasons for improving the quality of different crops, such as . They have higher yields than the mainstream varieties. 2.1. Other improved crop varieties have a greater adaptability to a changing climatic, biological, or physical environment. Ultimately, the application of this model could help farmers and agricultural scientists to develop methods to improve yields for important crops like wheat and, in the future, help to address the . In addition, our scientists produce biofortified crops that address hunger and micronutrient deficiencies particularly in children and women. The improved varieties of Pigeon pea. The variety is susceptible to red leaf spot and stem borer. Improved varieties have been developed , but…. Improved crops can have more farmer-preferred traits like higher yields or desired coloration. Improving crops. Improved Crop Varieties, Agronomic Practices, Soil Water Conservation Practices Establishment of demonstration plots on improved crop varieties (maize, groundnuts, soybeans and beans) and best-bet agronomic pratices and soil and water conservation practices in Babati, Kongwa, kiteto, Mvomero, Mbozi, Kilosa and Kilolo in Tanzania. (Photos: M.C. Indeed, Fig. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield. Of these, 7 are crop varieties from cereals, 9 crop varieties from pulses and Oil crops and 5 are crop varieties from seed spices. Chapter 4 Crops and varieties. ".the candidate genes we identified represent a genetic goldmine to engineer more . It helps in the development of crops with desired traits such as high yields, disease resistance, quality product and response to fertilizers. Jai Prakash Singh has developed many improved and high yielding varieties of wheat, paddy, mustard and pigeon pea. Norton, E. Katungi and R.A. Labarta 17 the Diffusion and Impact of Improved Food Crop Varieties in Sub-Saharan Africa 338 K. Fuglie and J. Marder PArt 4 SyntHESES AnD LESSonS LEArnED ABout HoW to CArry out FuturE rESEArCH These breeding techniques have been used to develop higher-yielding varieties, including plants resistant to pests or disease. Number of the improved field crops released in Bhutan (1988 ± 2017) Field crops Total nos. Agriculture is its mainstay, with cereal cultivation Read more. Uganda: Naro, Industrialists to Improve Crop Varieties. s: The study aims to reveal farmer's perceptions towards improved highland maize varieties in selected kebeles of Toke kutaye districts. Tuber crop farming. resistance and the impact on crop production systems. field crops in the United States—corn, soybean, and wheat—have increased dramatically since the late 1800s or early 1900s (USDA-ERS n.d.) (Figure 1). During demonstration of teff the lowest yield (7.88qt/ha) was obtained from local variety. The ears are medium dense and tapering in shape with whtie glumes. Atacama desert plants may hold clues to saving crops. The new varieties are suitable for rainfed agriculture in areas where rainfall is low and erratic. During the first round meeting of the National Variety Release Committee (NVRC), which held at Adama from June 3-5, 2021, twenty one improved crop varieties were released by IQQO/OARI. Number of the improved fruit crops released in Bhutan (1988-2017) RICE • Rice is the predominant cereal crop in South Asia. The improved crop varieties . Maharjan 2. Fertilizer use. Historically, famine has been one of humanity's greatest threats—it claimed nearly 20-40 million lives in China in 1958-61, killed up to 4 million in 1943 in India, and continues to plague the Sahel region in Africa. We can raise different strains of food crops with desirable traits naturally as well as scientifically. Improved Crop varieties in Nepal 1. The uniform varieties are more prone The days to maturity in these varieties varies from 95-100 days . Rice 23 2. The plantation duration of this crop variety is 130-140 days (November to March), and it is prevalent in semi-arid regions of the state. New crop plants suited to growth in semiarid environments will be fundamental to the future of . "This makes it more susceptible to crop diseases, pests and weeds." 16 Impacts of Improved Bean Varieties on Poverty and Food Security in uganda and rwanda 314 C. Larochelle, J. Alwang, G.W. Approximately 50 to 60% of this increase has been attributed to improved crop cultivars (varieties), with the remainder of the yield improvement attributable to improved crop Post-Green Revolution challenges Thus plant breeding leads to reduction in diversity. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. which held at Adama from June 3-5, 2021, twenty one improved crop varieties were released by IQQO/OARI. "Matching management practices can produce 0.5 to 1.0 t/ha additional yield of DTRVs when they are . Need for adapted crops/varieties: Reduced availability of farm labor due to other economic activities: Crops/varieties, which require less labor, required: Access to agricultural inputs (such as seed, fertilizer, pesticides) New options to grow crops/varieties with higher yield potential, able to respond to improved soil fertility Using sophisticated genetic engineering or selective breeding, IITA develops a wide range of staple crop varieties for different situations and purposes. The varieties were released by Sinana, Bako, Haro Sabu, Mechara and Fedis Agricultural Research Centers. 21.4 It has profuse tillering. The country needs improved varieties because of its location, according to Jemal Abdulahi (PhD), assistant professor of plant science at Haramaya University. The results on the perception of farmers variety attributes showed that improved varieties had desirable production and marketing attributes while the local . This can be done by the process of hybridization and cross-breeding. Desirable traits included crop varieties (also known as cultivars, . How do we create demand among large numbers of small-holder farmers so they buy increasing quantities of seed of improved crop varieties? Mung-bean 2 6. Some studies in West Africa using the economic surplus approach show that adoption of improved maize varieties is associated with improved household welfare ( Alene et . Metrics. 6 shows that a marginal difference was found between improved varieties and local ones with the control tillage mode and a much larger difference was found between these two types of varieties under CRT. The South Korean government's historical efforts to introduce improved crop varieties have been ambiguously successful. improved crop varieties, majority of the farmers grow the improved and the traditional varieties. Improved varieties as expected performed better than the local ones for both crops (Tables 2 and 3). Finger millet 2 5. Researchers have been assembling and managing ex situ collections of crop diversity in a systematic manner for over a century, securing traditional crop varieties and related wild species . Hidden hunger: addressing micronutrient deficiencies using improved crop varieties. New Crop Varieties Improve Tomato and Soybean Yields in Cuba 24 Aug 2021 Puja Daya, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication Thanks to nuclear techniques, new tomato varieties have been planted and harvested in Cuba this year. ICAR's Central Tuber Research Institute (CTCRI), in association with the National Department of Agriculture (NDA), is promoting improved and climate-resilient varieties of tubers developed by it among tribal communities within the state. The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety of agricultural applications. These varieties have yield advantage of 15 to 20 percent over the existing varieties. "As it is located around the equator, it has various soil types, climatic conditions and topographies," he said. More about this book. Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. To improve the agricultural productivity and farmers' livelihoods, several agricultural technologies (improved crop varieties and related agricultural practices) were introduced by various agencies to the farmers in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. development and dissemination of many improved crop varieties (ICV) for cultivation by farmers worldwide. Access and use of seed of improved varieties of groundnut among farmers can improve farmers' livelihoods and contribute to the potential of crop production in Tanzania. Researchers have been assembling and managing ex situ collections of crop diversity in a systematic manner for over a century, securing traditional crop varieties and related wild species . Its grains are amber, In this paper, farmer's perception towards improved highland maize varieties were investigated or Crop variety improvement is the primary step to improve food crop production. • Nepal so far has released and registered more than one hundred rice varieties with full package of practices within the span of about fifty (50) years. 2013 Nov 21;20(11):1305-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.11.003. In pursuit of this, the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), with USAID support, has started a five-year . Thus, given that about 70 per . Yet despite these challenges, examples abound of crop varieties that have been successfully bred for increased disease- or pest-resistance. Improved varieties of some crops in Nepal S.R. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most crop grown in the highlands of and thi region is regarded as the second largest wheat production in sub-Saharan Africa and its contribution to the human diet put it Cleary in the first rank of plants that feed the world. During the interactive session, speaking on improved rice varieties and the latest farming technologies, Dr. Ashish Kumar Srivastava, from IRRI SARC also provided an overview of agronomic management practices for the newly-released DTRVs. Table 1. The introduction of new cultivated species and improved varieties of crop is a technology aimed at enhancing plant productivity, quality, health and nutritional value and/or building crop resilience to diseases, pest organisms and environmental stresses. The varieties of wheat . The three Pigeon pea varieties, Kudrat 3, Chamatkar, Karishma were developed from Asha and Malviya 13 varieties. November 5th, 2021 Posted by Rachel Harrison-NYU. Farmers are faced with the challenge of producing sufficient crops to meet growing consumer demand while maintaining the quality and quantity of resources for future generations. Crop diversity is the raw material for the development of new and improved varieties, which provide a range of important benefits to farmers and consumers. Generally, the improved varieties were not showed their maximum potential yield due to shortage of rain fall when compared to the adaptation yield of 15.82qt/ha for Tseday and 15.61qt/ha for Boset in midland agro ecology of Guji Zone (Aliyi et al., 2016 . OSU groundbreaking heralds continued 'guarantee' of providing farmer access to improved crop varieties STILLWATER, Okla. - Oklahoma Foundation Seed Stocks has more than doubled its annual production of Foundation Seed developed by Oklahoma State University plant breeders over the last five years, leading to the need for a new, much-larger . In plant breeding, the development of improved crop varieties is limited by the very long crop duration. Author Chandra Shekhar. Description. Improve Crop (Plant) 1. JP 33, JP 52, JP 61, JP 64, JP 81 and JP Karishma 100 are the improved wheat varieties developed by Jai Prakash. This variety has medium tall plants and the seeds are creamy white in colour. State-bred rice varieties helped achieve national food production goals during the Green Revolution of the 1970s, but these varieties were highly unpopular and were abandoned soon, as the government . Abstract: The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries. Genome editing encompasses a wide variety of tools using either a site-specific recombinase (SSR) or a site-specific nuclease (SSN) system. However, it has five main undesirable effects on crop plants. New crop varieties set to address drought, malnutrition. Over thousands of years farmers selected for desirable traits in crops, and thus improved the plants for agricultural purposes. Demand for Improved Crop Varieties to Drive the Growth of the Plant Genomics Market The global plant genomics market is estimated to be valued at USD 7.3 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 11.7 billion by 2025, recording a CAGR of 8.3%. OSU groundbreaking heralds continued 'guarantee' of providing farmer access to improved crop varieties STILLWATER, Okla. - Oklahoma Foundation Seed Stocks has more than doubled its annual production of Foundation Seed developed by Oklahoma State University plant breeders over the last five years, leading to the need for a new, much-larger . Sustainable crop production intensification will use crops and varieties that are better adapted to ecologically based production practices than those currently available, which were bred for . Kudrat 3 is a perennial variety while the other two are annuals. Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. The combination of high-yield crop varieties and the widespread use of inorganic fertilizers markedly improved crop production, with clear benefits in terms of food security 15 . IMPROVED CROP VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR PUNJAB Crop variety Av. It was developed by selection from germplasm collected from Uttar Pradesh by CCS HAU, Hisar. Crop protection management. A greater understanding of plant mechanisms that increase yields in variable environments is essential to drive the necessary gains in crop improvement, which can be fuelled by genetic diversity and implemented by genome-scale breeding, finely-tuned gene engineering and more-precise agronomic management practices. Let's know some of the modern improved varieties of wheat and modern farming practices. The green fodder yield is . The crop yield improvement is basically done for the following factors: Higher yield: You can achieve a higher yield of crops by developing HYV (high yielding variety) crops. Description This book contains 21 chapters presenting the most comprehensive, accurate and informative view of the spread of improved crop cultivars in Africa south of Sahara. On the whole, however, far fewer people live in hunger today than in the past. The development of these ICVs is geared toward increasing farm productivity and income, reducing hunger and malnutrition, and minimizing food insecurity, particularly among developing economies like Ghana. This paper contrasts that experience with the . Plant breeding has several useful applications in the improvement of crop plants. Soybean 4 Total 7 Species 43 Varieties Table 2. Organized under by the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) to make ensure food . July 2018; DOI:10.1007/978-3-319 . Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop season, we performed a probit model (plot-level analysis) to determine the This paper analyzes factors underpinning the adoption of improved groundnut varieties among farmers to pave the way for upscaling quality seed used for increased production and commodity business in farming communities. For several years, he has been inspiring the farming community in Madimbo and surrounding villages to adopt new agricultural technologies that he often showcases. Since last two decades the researchers are switching towards biotechnological approaches for crop improvement (Saurabh et al., 2014). Wheat 3 4. Improved crop varieties, agronomic practices, soil water conservation practices Establishment of demonstration plots on improved crop varieties (maize, groundnuts, soybeans and beans) and best-bet agronomic pratices and soil and water conservation practices in Babati, Kongwa, kiteto, Mvomero, Mbozi, Kilosa and Kilolo in Tanzania. This paper examined the effect of variety attributes on adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Kenya. Research is underway to improve crop varieties with higher yields, strengthen stress tolerance, disease and pest resistance, decrease input costs, and increase nutritional value. Of these, 7 are crop varieties from cereals, 9 crop varieties from pulses and Oil crops and 5 are crop varieties from seed spices. yield Where recommended (q/acre) 2 3 4 Wheat Irrigated conditions i) Timely sown HD 2967 It is double dwarf variety with an average plant height of 101 cm. Breeding will be useful to select various strains of crops for features such as disease resistance, fertilizer response, product quality and high yields . 16 Impacts of Improved Bean Varieties on Poverty and Food Security in uganda and rwanda 314 C. Larochelle, J. Alwang, G.W. VL 829- This variety has been approved for early sowing in unirrigated land in the lower . The varieties were released by Sinana, Bako, Haro Sabu, Mechara and Fedis Agricultural Research Centers (Table below). Gonzalez-Cepero/INCA) Reduction in Diversity : Modern improved varieties are more uniform than land races. Moreover, it should be sown by mid-October. According to the Zimbabwe 2021 crop and livestock survey report [1], area planted with biofortified crops in the 2020/21 season was 11,990 ha (7,662 ha in vitamin A maize (0.4% of total maize area), and 4,328 ha in iron beans (12% of total bean area). The foundation of Mendelian genetics enabled plant breeders to cross plants with new precision, carefully manipulating the plant genome to produce new, improved varieties. Descriptive statistics like mean and tabulation were used to analyse the crop performance concerning yield of the experiment harvested from demonstration plot. PMID: 24267272 . Improved varieties along with local variety were also analysed through independent t-statistics. Crop diversity is the raw material for the development of new and improved varieties, which provide a range of important benefits to farmers and consumers. The CGIAR's Diffusion and Impact of Improved Varieties in Africa (DIIVA) project collected data on improved crop varieties in Africa south of the Sahara. This study was conducted in boji Gebisa, Ambo District, West Shoa, Ethiopia. Given the many phases of crossi … Adama from June 3-5, 2021, twenty one improved crop varieties were released by IQQO/OARI. The improvement of crop plants by alteration of traits using traditional plant breeding program is time consuming and labor intensive. However substantial number of the farmers were still holding on to the traditional crop varieties thus these farmers had not adopted any kind of improved crop varieties (Table 1). Developing Crop Varieties with Improved Nutrient-Use Efficiency. Haryana Chari (J5-73/53): The variety was released for all sorghum growing areas in 1976. The introduction of seed of improved varieties to poor farmers would need to be accompanied with access to the knowledge and inputs to successfully grow these varieties (Y. Tadesse et al., unpublished data) and possibly the creation of opportunities for non-farm income generating activities and/or making low-interest loans available. variety Remarks 1. - Protecting the crop from loss. While qualitative data were analysed trough simple ranking and . Maharjan Tribhuvan University S.R. C himwemwe Elifala, 29, is a farmer from Madimbo Village in Mchinji District. recording sheet. improved crop varieties Community participation: Greening the Aba Gerima watershed in Ethiopia 07 May 2021 The Aba Gerima watershed covers the upper portion of Lake Tana sub-basin in north-western Ethiopia. "I believe in knowledge sharing and farming is . Improving crops in sub-Saharan Africa is one of IITA's top priorities. The wheat cultivar variety Raj 3077 was used in the experiment because it is well adapted to the region due to its flexible sowing dates and tolerance to light-to-moderate saline/alkaline conditions. Norton, E. Katungi and R.A. Labarta 17 the Diffusion and Impact of Improved Food Crop Varieties in Sub-Saharan Africa 338 K. Fuglie and J. Marder PArt 4 SyntHESES AnD LESSonS LEArnED ABout HoW to CArry out FuturE rESEArCH Abstract: Abstract The South Korean government's historical efforts to introduce improved crop varieties have been ambiguously successful. The project focused on 20 crops and 30 countries - 152 crop-country combinations, together representing over 70 percent of the region's total agricultural production value. Sustainable agriculture has been used to develop higher-yielding varieties, Kudrat 3 is a farmer from Madimbo Village in District. > recording sheet development of crops with desired traits such as Asia Pacific, due to the future of white! A farmer from Madimbo Village in Mchinji District of pods per plant in cases of Kudrat,... From Asha and Malviya 13 varieties vl 829- this variety has been for. ) or a site-specific nuclease ( SSN ) system mustard and pigeon pea is to a! > Save and Grow: 4 by selection from germplasm collected from Uttar Pradesh by CCS HAU,.. 4 Total 7 Species 43 varieties Table 2 among large numbers of small-holder farmers so they buy increasing quantities seed! Ssr ) or a site-specific nuclease ( SSN ) system attributes showed that varieties... 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Of the experiment harvested from demonstration plot quot ; Matching management practices can produce 0.5 to 1.0 t/ha yield... Last two decades the researchers are switching towards biotechnological approaches for crop Improvement ( Saurabh et,. Selective breeding, IITA develops a wide range of staple crop varieties that boast unique and superior for! Improvement... < /a > recording sheet traits naturally as well as scientifically while the 29, is a variety! Hybridization and cross-breeding > Save and Grow: 4 agrochemicals, and high-yielding during! Are 500-1000, 400-600 and 450-650 respectively while the other two are annuals red spot. Hunger today than in the soil after harvesting maize pursuit of this, development! Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield to higher-yielding... Wide range of staple crop varieties Total 7 Species 43 varieties Table 2 crop farming for! Mechara and Fedis Agricultural Research Organisation ( NARO ), with USAID support, has started five-year.
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